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Appendix 1 Negative and Positive Household Livelihood Effects

 

Positive

Negative

New road

School

Pagoda

Hospital

Casual work

Given 3ha of land for rubber NGO support, rights training, etc

Gift

Can work for company

Good rice harvest

Training people to plant rubber provincial forestry officials taught people about rights

Can plant soybean

Company lends seeds

Company cleared land for people

Plant rubber

Chamkar taken,

 No compensation

House plot and wet rice field taken (in part)

Restricted villagers size, no land for future growth

Resin trees cut

Wildlife and fish affected

Not allowed plant rice (or other crops) on their 3ha

Forest cut

Can’t cut timber for building houses

People threatened

Crop affected/cleared

Cannot clear land for chamkar

Pushed to plant rubber trees

NTFP access restricted

3ha given is too far away or on bad land

People lied to

Spirit forest cut

Not given 3ha of land yet

Must travel to collect fire wood

Confiscation of cart, chainsaw

Cleared community forest area

Wet rice field affected

 

 

 

 

 


 

Appendix 2 Using the Three Hectare Land

 

 

Rice

Soybean

Sesame

Corn

Rubber

Land not yet cleared

Given to relative

Rented

Sold off

Samrong

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Keo Yon

1

1

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

Kong Horn

 

 

 

 

3*

 

 

 

 

Keo Met

1

 

 

 

2**

 

 

 

 

Nao Kiet

1

 

 

 

2**

 

 

 

 

Hong Hoy

1

 

 

 

1+

 

 

 

 

Oun Liem

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

Sao Meng Heng

 

 

 

 

1***

 

 

 

2

Siem Tol

 

 

 

 

3+

 

 

 

 

Pou Hol

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ronteah

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mean Em

1

 

 

1

 

 

 

1

 

Sao Khoeun

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

Mao Hoeun

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

Yeay Bun

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

Tang Chhoun

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

Ngoun Mi

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

Tum Ar

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bon Chea

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

Tiep Team

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

Nat Yon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

Morm Da

 

 

 

 

1***

 

 

2

 

Kong Bun

2

 

 

 

1+

 

 

 

 

Chan Soun

 

 

 

 

1+

 

 

2

 

Chan Kroeun

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

Pan Chheng

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

Diep Sem

2

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Seam Yea

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

An Sat

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      

Note:  * 1 ha of rubber has died.       

         ** Some survived some died.

         *** All died.            

         + Not grow healthily (not good because     

            drought and seedlings were too young).

Appendix 3 People’s Opinions on the Rubber Plantation Development

 

People’s feeling

No. of households

Percentage

Reasons

Do not like

22

66.7

-their land lost to rubber plantation

-it takes too long to get profit

-lack of money

-if plant rubber there is no land for growing rice

-the company grab people’s land

-do not know how to plant and take care of rubber

-compensations not the same amount as Hun Sen said

-the company did not give the 3ha land

-do not know for sure rubber would provide good income.

-causes difficulties in making money and lost income sources

-latex price would be made cheap by the company

-abuse human right

Like

8

24.2

-rubber would provide good income for family.

-want to have prosperity

-the company came here to develop this area

-provides job and gives bean seed to plant

Do not know

2

9.1

 

 

Appendix 4 Assumption and Base Line Calculation

 

Total area of the rubber plantation

                Industrial scale (ha)                                                                                                                  4,359

                Smallholder scale (ha)                                                                                                                929

                Total (ha)                                                                                                                                5,288

 

Upland farming in 1998

Total upland cultivation (ha)                                                                                                                        6892

Rice yield per hectare (kg/ha/year)                                                                                                               1,0003

Price of unhusked rice (US$/kg)                                                                                                                    0.125

The value of 1 hectare of upland cultivation (US$) = Price of unhusked

rice per kg * Rice yield per hectare                                                                                                                125

 

Resin trees in 1999

Total families                                                                                                                                             501

Average resin trees owned per family (tree)                                                                                                    2204

Percentage of families used to have resin trees                                                                                                65%5

Rates of exhaustion of resin trees decrease at 6% every 10 years                                                                       6%6

Average income from resin per tree (US$/tree/year)                                                                                          3.67

Number of resin trees before arrival of rubber plantation = Average resin

trees owned per family * Percentage of families used to have resin

trees * Total families                                                                                                                                   71,720

 

Rubber price

Rubber price in Cambodia is constant over the next 30 years (US$/kg)                                                                  1

 

Cost of implementing rubber plantation over the project life (30 years)

Cost spent in each year8 is estimated (see Appendix 8)

Discount rate (i)                                                                                                                                          8%

 

Yield of rubber plantation

Assume that economic period of rubbers (year) (start providing

latex at 7 years old and exhausting at 30 years old)                                                                                           24

 

Assume that rubber provides good yield in each year from the

 year 7 of harvest to year 309.                                                                                                                Appendix 8

 

2 Tum Ring Commune chief

3 Household survey in Tum Ring, July 2004.

4 Ibid.

5 Ibid.

6 Evans et al., 2003: 68.

7 Ibid: 61.

8 Chup Rubber Company, Cambodia

9 Ibid.


 

Appendix 5 Estimation of Real Price SMR 20 in Malaysia, 1984 to 2003

 

Year

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

Annual average price of SMR 20 (cent/kg)1

209.18

173.54

191.3

224.31

277.9

227.5

204.64

213.07

208.68

202.82

GDP deflators (year 1987 = 100 in Malaysia)2

105.31

103.72

94.76

100.00

103.62

108.24

112.36

116.39

119.20

123.96

GDP Deflators (year 1987 = 1)

1.05

1.04

0.95

1.00

1.04

1.08

1.12

1.16

1.19

1.24

Real price of RSS1(cent/kg)

213.23

181.94

219.95

248.67

299.16

241.80

207.69

194.80

183.65

171.85

Year

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Annual average price of SMR 20 (cent/kg)

293.75

382.6

329.55

271.83

259

226.94

242.52

205.56

285.98

378.97

GDP deflators (year 1987 = 100 in Malaysia)

128.84

133.52

138.43

143.25

155.43

155.50

163.18

158.71

164.45

169.92

GDP Deflators

(year 1987 = 1)

1.29

1.34

1.38

1.43

1.55

1.55

1.63

1.59

1.64

1.70

Real price of

SMR 20 (cent/kg)

228.91

294.80

253.12

194.13

180.50

153.87

160.52

143.22

178.33

235.79

Sources: Malaysian Rubber Exchange and Licensing Board and World Development Indicators.

 

Estimate real rubber price: first, divide the row ‘GDP deflators (year 1987 = 100 in Malaysia)’ in the above table by 100. Therefore, we have set the value of the deflator for the base year as one (1). Then, divide the row ‘Price of SMR 20 in Malaysia (sent/kg)’ by the row ‘GDP deflator (year 1987 = 1)’. Finally, we receive real rubber prices as shown in the row ‘Real price of RSS1’. Trend in real rubber prices are shown in the graph below.

 


 

Appendix 6 Annual Average Price of SMR 20 in Malaysia and Rubber in Cambodia

 

Year

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

Annual average price of SMR 20 (cent/kg)1

209.18

173.54

191.3

224.31

277.9

227.5

204.64

213.07

208.68

202.82

293.75

Exchange rate in Malaysia2

2.34

2.48

2.58

2.52

2.62

2.71

2.70

2.75

2.55

2.57

2.62

Annual average SMR 20 price (US$)

0.96

0.76

0.81

0.99

1.18

0.97

0.86

0.82

0.86

0.83

1.12

Year

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Jan–Sep 2004

Annual average price of SMR 20 (cent/kg)

382.6

329.55

271.83

259

226.94

242.52

205.56

285.98

378.97

 

Exchange rate in Malaysia

2.50

2.52

2.81

3.92

3.80

3.80

3.80

3.79

3.79

 

Annual average SMR 20 price (US$)

1.57

1.39

0.99

0.71

0.63

0.69

0.60

0.77

1.06

1.22

Annual average Cambodian rubber price (US$)3

 

 

 

0.53

0.50

0.58

0.51

0.60

0.91

 

Sources: Malaysian Rubber Exchange and Licensing Board, World Development Indicator and Chup Rubber Company, Cambodia.


 

Appendix 7 Cost-benefit of Upland Cultivation and Resin Tree

 

Year

Upland farming (ha)

Value of land per ha (US$)

The value of land (US$)

Number of resin trees

Annual income of resin tree (US$)

The value of resin tree

Total benefit

Discount rate

2001

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

8%

2002

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2003

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2004

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2005

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2006

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2007

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2008

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2009

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2010

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2011

689

125

86,125

71,720

3.6

258,192

344,317

 

2012

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2013

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2014

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2015

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2016

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2017

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2018

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2019

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2020

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2021

689

125

86,125

67,417

3.6

242,700

328,825

 

2022

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2023

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2024

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2025

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2026

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2027

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2028

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2029

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2030

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

2031

689

125

86,125

63,372

3.6

228,138

314,263

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,129,148

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NPV1

 

 

- From the household survey, 65% of families used to have resin trees. Before the rubber plantation there were 501families. So, we

  assume that families used to own resin trees = 65%*501 families = 326 families.

- Average resin trees per family 220 trees. Thus, total resin trees in Tum Ring: 220 trees*326 = 71,720 trees.

- Income from a resin tree is US$3.6 per year and rate of resin trees stop proving resin is 6% in every 10 years. Therefore, annual

   incomes from resin trees in the first 10 years are US$3.6*71720 = US$258,192; in the second ten years

   US$3.6*67,417 = US$242,700; and the third ten years are US$3.6*63,372 = US$228,138.

- The value of upland cultivation: one hectare of land worth * total area of upland cultivation = 689*US$125 = US$86,125.

 

Appendix 8 Cost- Benefit of the Rubber Plantation

 

Year

Age of rubber tree

Costs of rubber per ha (US$)

Total costs of rubber in 5288ha (US$)

Rubber yield

(kg/ha)

Rubber price (US$)

Benefits of rubber

(US$)

Net flow (US$)

Discount rate

2001

0

345

1,824,360

 

 

-

(1,824,360)

8%

2002

1

664

3,511,232

 

 

-

(3,511,232)

 

2003

2

368

1,945,984

 

 

-

(1,945,984)

 

2004

3

276

1,459,488

 

 

-

(1,459,488)

 

2005

4

253

1,337,864

 

 

-

(1,337,864)

 

2006

5

207

1,094,616

 

 

-

(1,094,616)

 

2007

6

207

1,094,616

 

 

-

(1,094,616)

 

2008

7

480

2,538,240

300

1.00

1,586,400

(951,840)

 

2009

8

600

3,172,800

500

1.00

2,644,000

(528,800)

 

2010

9

750

3,966,000

750

1.00

3,966,000

-

 

2011

10

900

4,759,200

1,000

1.00

5,288,000

528,800

 

2012

11

910

4,812,080

1,200

1.00

6,345,600

1,533,520

 

2013

12

910

4,812,080

1,250

1.00

6,610,000

1,797,920

 

2014

13

940

4,970,720

1,600

1.00

8,460,800

3,490,080

 

2015

14

950

5,023,600

1,750

1.00

9,254,000

4,230,400

 

2016

15

960

5,076,480

1,800

1.00

9,518,400

4,441,920

 

2017

16

1,000

5,288,000

2,000

1.00

10,576,000

5,288,000

 

2018

17

1,000

5,288,000

2,100

1.00

11,104,800

5,816,800

 

2019

18

1,000

5,288,000

2,100

1.00

11,104,800

5,816,800

 

2020

19

920

4,864,960

1,300

1.00

6,874,400

2,009,440

 

2023

22

910

4,812,080

1,250

1.00

6,610,000

1,797,920

 

2021

20

910

4,812,080

1,200

1.00

6,345,600

1,533,520

 

2022

21

910

4,812,080

1,200

1.00

6,345,600

1,533,520

 

2024

23

910

4,812,080

1,200

1.00

6,345,600

1,533,520

 

2025

24

900

4,759,200

1,100

1.00

5,816,800

1,057,600

 

2026

25

900

4,759,200

1,100

1.00

5,816,800

1,057,600

 

2027

26

900

4,759,200

1,000

1.00

5,288,000

528,800

 

2028

27

900

4,759,200

1,100

1.00

5,816,800

1,057,600

 

2029

28

1,200

6,345,600

3,000

1.00

15,864,000

9,518,400

 

2030

29

1,400

7,403,200

3,000

1.00

15,864,000

8,460,800

 

2031

30

2,100

11,104,800

3,000

1.00

15,864,000

4,759,200

 

 

 

 

41,252,094

 

 

45,110,857

3,858,763.00

 

 

 

 

PV( C2)

 

 

PV(B2)

NPV2

 

Appendix 9 NPV1 of Option 1 Foregone for the Rubber Plantation

 

The NPV1 curve is generated from the net present value of upland cultivation and forests resources (in option 1) over the period of 80 years. The graph below shows that the NPV1 curve is approaching around US$4.8 million in the long term. Therefore, we can assume that the benefits of option 1 that have been forgone forever are US$4.8 million. In other words, these are the opportunity costs that have gone for the rubber plantation (option 2). This opportunity costs is internalized into the cost of option 2 in the analysis in order to compute the net of social benefits of the rubber plantation.

 

 

Appendix 10 Household Interview Guide

 

1. Head of household’s name, age and sex?

2. How many members in your family?

3. How long have you lived here? Where did you live before?

4. What is your most important activity now? Next and next?

5. Now what kind of land do you have? Fill in the table.

Kind of land

Size

Land quality

Land title document

Paddies rice

 

 

 

Chamkar

 

 

 

Rubber plantation

 

 

 

House plot

 

 

 

Others

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

6. What are your important livelihood activities in 2003? Fill in the table.

Crop

Size

Amount harvested

Place (in/outside the land 3ha)

Short of rice period

Low/ upland

Period can plant further

Rice

 

 

 

 

 

 

Crop

Size

Amount harvested

Place (in/outside the land 3ha)

Amount sold

Price

Planting cost

Period can plant further

Soy beans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mung beans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sesame

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corn

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peanuts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Others

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. What other sources of incomes did you have?

8. What kind of land did you own 5 years ago (before rubber plantation)?

(If interviewee came to live after rubber plantation established skip to Q10)

Kind of land

Size of land

Land quality

Land title document

Paddies rice

 

 

 

Chamkar

 

 

 

House plot

 

 

 

Others

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

9. What is your most important livelihood activity in five past years? Next and next?

Crop

Size

Period of shifting

Short of rice period

Low/upland

Rice

 

 

 

 

NTFPs

No. of trees

No. of time collected/

month

Amount collected/time

Money made per time

Collected resin tree

 

 

 

 

Others

 

 

 

 

 

10. What compensation did you get when the company took your land? Do you have any documents showing the compensation agreement and the price the company gave you? Does the company have any documents? Did you sign or thumbprint any document? Do you know what the document said?

11. Did you receive the 3ha land? (If did not receive? Why? When will you receive? And skip to Q13)

12. How do you use the 3ha land? What do you plant? How is the quality? Did you sell? To whom? How many ha? How much per ha? Why? What did you use the money for? How do you get land for your farming? Do you rent it? To whom? How many? How much per ha?

13.Do you or does anyone have a job with company?

14.Do you think rubber will be good source of income? Do you know the price of rubber? Has anyone ever told you the price? How much do you think you will get off 1 hectare of rubber? Are they guaranteeing to buy it? At what price?

15.Does company guarantee to buy? How much per kg?

16.Are you satisfied with what the company is doing here?

17.What assistance does the company give you? Do they train you how to grow rubber? Do they visit you and give you advice? Can you go and ask them for advice? Have you ever done this?

18.Do you have cows or buffalos? Is there a problem with your cows or buffalos eating the rubber? What company reaction?

19.Do you think it is harder or easier for you to make a living now compared with 5 years ago?

20.How will you make your living in the future?

21.Was there plenty of wildlife in the forest around your village 10 years ago, 5 years ago? Now has this changed? Why?

22.Do you have any comments or questions?

Appendix 11 Village Chief Interview Guide

 

1. How many families in the village?

2. How many families did not receive the 3ha land? And why?

3. Has any family received an official land title for their 3 ha yet? Have you heard when they might receive a title?

4. Can new couples receive the 3ha land? When? If not what will they do?

5. Are there families who have already sold their land? How many families?

6. Why do you think they sell their land? What did they do with the money?

7. How much did people get compensated for chamkar land that the company took? How many families did not receive compensation?

   Is the compensation the same as what was promised?

8. Are there any documents that show the company compensated people and the price they paid? Do you or the villagers have them?

   Does the commune chief have them? Does the company have them? Did you of the villagers ever sign or thumbprint any documents?

9. Does the company provide training to villagers on rubber plantation? If yes, how many times? What do they train, for how long?

    How many trainers and extension worker do they have?

10.Have the villagers ever requested training? What did the company say?

11.What other assistance does the company give?

12.Can you tell me what the main activities are that make up the livelihoods of the people in this village? Were any of these different 5 or 10 years ago?

13.Is there problem with villagers’ cows or buffalos eating the rubber? What company reaction?

14.Have outsiders come to live in the village? When did they arrive?

15.Have there been any problems or good things with outsiders coming into the village?

16.Have villagers here moved to clear forest or live in other area? If yes, where did they go? Why did they move there?

17. Do you think people are relying on exploiting forest resources and wildlife to make up for the chamkar land they lost?

18.What is your assessment of the family scale rubber plantation in promoting rubber plantation to reduce poverty in your village? How is this development different from what you imagined or different from what you were told before it started?

19.Do you think rubber will be good source of income? Do you know the price of rubber? Has anyone ever told you the price? Has the company told the villagers?

20.How much latex and money do you think 3 hectares of rubber will produce? Is the company guaranteeing to buy it? At what price?

21.Do you have any comments on the family scale rubber plantation? What should have been done? Do you think it could be a good thing to do in other places?

22.How can things be changed now so that it is better in the future?

Appendix 12 Commune Chief Interview Guide

 

1. How many families in the commune?

2. How many people have moved to the commune from outside of the commune in the last 5 years?

3. Where did most of them come from? Why did they move here?

4. How many families did not yet receive the 3ha land? Why?

5. Did all of the people in this village get compensation for the land they gave up to the company? How much? If all people were not compensated why not? Did the company get people to sign or thumbprint or sign documents when they paid the compensation money?

6. Do know why villagers sell their land back to the company? How many families already sold?

7. Where do villagers receive land for chamkar after selling their land?

8. Is there displacement of villagers to other communes? If yes, how many families?

9. How much do you think villagers know about growing rubber?

10.How many staff does the company have that are helping villagers to learn about rubber?

11.Is there a problem with villagers’ cows or buffalos eating the rubber? What company reaction?

12.How much do you think people are relying on exploiting forest resources and wildlife to make up for the chamkar land they lost?

13.What is your assessment of the family scale rubber plantation in promoting rubber plantation to reduce poverty? Will be good source of income? Do you know the price of rubber? Has anyone ever told you? Has the company told the villagers? How much latex and money do you think 3 hectares of rubber will produce? Is the company guaranteeing to buy it? At what price?

14.What ideas do you have to improve things now so that the rubber development will be better for people and better for reducing poverty in the future?

Appendix 13 Rural Poor Family Development Interview Guide

 

1. What are your organization’s roles and responsibilities in land and forest issues in Tum Ring?

2. What is your organization plan to development community forestry?

3. What have been changes/results of your organization so far?

4. What is your organization planning in future?

5. Do you know why people sell their land back to the company?

6. Do you know where they get land for their chamkar?

7. Is there clearing forest in other areas in forest concession?

8. What is your assessment of the family scale rubber plantation in promoting rubber plantation to reduce poverty in Tum Ring?

9. What are your opinions or recommendations on the family scale rubber plantation program?

10.Can you say something about the level of illegal logging activities in the Tum Ring and Mean Rith areas? Is it worse or same as before? Who is involved? Is anything being done about it? What can be done about it? Have you seen any difference since the Hun Sen declarations last month? Do you think villagers will start to confiscate and destroy chainsaws as he suggests in the declaration? 

Appendix 14 Tum Ring Rubber Company Interview Guide

 

1. How many people are here as full-time employees?

2. How many of those people originally came from Tum Ring commune?

3. Where do workers mostly come from? What do the workers get paid? Do you have a training scheme for your workers so they can

   improve their skills and their pay? Are there any villagers on this training scheme?

4. What assistance are you providing to villagers so they can grow rubber? Do they receive training, if so how often?

5. How many workers per hectare do you require while the trees are small and when the trees are full grown?

6. What problems have you encountered in land clearing and in planting rubber trees?

7. What is the cost per hectare of clearing, planting and looking after the trees until they reach production? Can you say what you

    spend per hectare on fertilizer, labor? What are your biggest costs?

8. Does the company plant any cash crops themselves to offset the costs of production before the trees start producing? Or is it

   villagers or workers? Who gains income from its harvest? What do you or they plant and how much do you or they earn per hectare

   per year? Have the cash crops grown well and produced returns as expected?

9. Can you say what the total costs are for of a rubber development this size?

10.What percentage extra cost do you think the smallholder rubber part of the project adds – supplying trees, training, etc.?

11.When do you expect to get your first harvest? How many tons of latex do you expect to get this first year? How many tons do you expect to get after the 3rd year of production?

12.How many tons of latex do you expect to get when the plantation reaches full production?

13.What is the present price of latex? What is the long term outlook for latex? Do you think the price will increase or decrease, why?

14.Did you/are you planning to compensate for villagers’ old chamkar and resin trees that were cut in preparing the land for the plantation?

15. What are the criteria in providing the 3ha land? Are there families did not receive it? How many families?

16.Will families who are distributed 3ha get land titles? Do you know when? Will people have to pay for these?

17.Do you try to hire local people or is it better to hire already skilled workers?

18.What is most technically difficult to learn for new people in growing rubber?

19.How will the villagers’ harvest be collected? How will the company collect the latex from the villagers and for how much? Will you guarantee to buy all of the latex produced? What price are you guaranteeing to buy at right now?

20.How much do you expect villagers to make from harvesting their 3ha plantation after approximately 10 years?

21.Is there any plan to help the villagers during the years before they get a harvest but when they are no longer able to grow soybeans? What is the plan?

22.How long can villagers plant beans in between rubber trees?

23.Do you have pilot farmers? How many? How did you select these?

24.Do you buy back the plantations of people who do not want them? Can they sell them to others? Are plantation workers buying land off the villagers?

25.Why are villagers selling their 3ha land? Do you know what other livelihoods there are around here that people can do if they sell their land?

26.When do you think the rubber factory will be built? How many workers will be required? Is it mainly skilled workers required?

27.How do you think the family scale rubber plantation part of this project is going now? And in the future? Is it possible to implement in this commune? If yes, how? Is there anything that you think needs to be changed or improved?

28.Do have any comments or questions?

 

Appendix 15 Chup Rubber Company Interview Guide

 

1. Could you please estimate costs of rubber per ha in each year? Please fill in the table below.

 

Year

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. At what age of rubber can the company start harvesting latex?

3. What are benefits of rubber per ha since it starts to provide and exhausts latex?

 

Year

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Yield

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Yield

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. What is the current rubber price? What prices of rubber depend on?

5. Where does the company sell rubber productions?

6. How many kind of rubber quality do you sell? What are the prices of each quality?

 

Figure 10 Map of Tum Ring commune
 

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